Employment discrimination is the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of other people at work, because of their membership in a legally protected category such as race, sex, age, or religion. Each state has passed laws and rules to protect your workplace rights: this page covers Connecticut employment discrimination. The purpose of Connecticut Human Rights and Opportunities Act is to protect workers in Connecticut from unlawful discrimination in employment. Read below to learn more about Connecticut employment law and how the law protects you.
The Connecticut Human Rights and Opportunities Act makes it illegal for an employer to discriminate on the basis of race, color, religious creed, sex, national origin, age, ancestry, marital status, disability (learning, mental, intellectual, physical), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, genetic information, and criminal record (in-state employment & licensing only).
.Connecticut law differs from the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). Connecticut state law protects workers under 40, whereas the ADEA only covers workers over 40. Connecticut law also provides broader protection for disabled employees than the similar federal statute, the Americans with Disabilities Act, because it does not require that the employee have a substantial limitation of major life activity. Instead, it defines a disability as a chronic impairment.
In Connecticut, you must file a discrimination claim with the state administrative agency, the Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities (CHRO). The state agency has what is called a “work-sharing agreement” with the federal administrative agency, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which means that the agencies cooperate with each other to process claims. Filing a claim with both agencies is unnecessary, as long as you indicate to CHRO that you want it to “cross-file” the claim with the EEOC.
The Connecticut anti-discrimination statute covers some smaller employers not covered by federal law. Therefore, if your workplace has between 3 and 14 employees, you will be covered only under state law, and should file with the CHRO. If your workplace has 15 or more employees, you will be able to initiate a claim under both federal and state law by filing with the CHRO.
To file a claim with the CHRO, contact the office below serving the area where the discrimination took place. More information about filing a claim with the CHRO can be found at the CHRO website.
Capital Region Office
450 Columbus Boulevard
Suite 2
Hartford, CT 06103
Phone: (860) 561-3400
TDD: (860) 541-3459
Areas Served
Contact this office if the alleged discrimination took place in: Avon, Bloomfield, Canton,
Collinsville, East Granby, Farmington, Granby, Hartford, New Britain, Newington, Plainville,
Rocky Hill, Simsbury, Suffield, West Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, Windsor Locks, Unionville
Eastern Region Office
100 Broadway
Norwich, CT 06360
Phone: (860) 886-5703
Fax: (860) 886-2550
TDD: (860) 886-5707
Areas Served
Contact this office if the alleged discrimination took place in: Andover, Ashford, Bolton, Bozrah,
Brooklyn, Canterbury, Chaplin, Chester, Clinton, Colchester, Columbia, Coventry, Deep River,
Eastford, East Haddam, East Hampton, East Hartford, East Lyme, East Windsor, Ellington, Enfield,
Essex, Franklin, Glastonbury, Griswold, Groton, Haddam, Hampton, Hebron, Killingly, Killingworth,
Lebanon, Ledyard, Lisbon, Lyme, Manchester, Mansfield, Marlborough, Montville, New London,
North Stonington, Norwich, Old Lyme, Old Saybrook, Plainfield, Pomfret, Portland, Preston,
Putnam, Salem, Scotland, Somers, South Windsor, Sprague, Stafford, Sterling, Stonington,
Thompson, Tolland, Union, Vernon, Voluntown, Waterford, Westbrook, Willington, Windham, Woodstock
West Central Region Office
Rowland State Government Center
55 West Main Street
Suite 210
Waterbury, CT 06702-2004
Phone: (203) 805-6530
Fax: (203) 805-6559
TDD: (203) 805-6579
Areas Served
Contact this office if the alleged discrimination took place in: Ansonia, Barkhamsted, Beacon Falls,
Berlin, Bethany, Bethlehem, Branford, Bristol, Burlington, Canaan, Cheshire, Colebrook, Cornwall,
Cromwell, Derby, Durham, East Haven, Goshen, Guilford, Hamden, Hartland, Harwinton, Kent,
Litchfield, Madison, Meriden, Middlebury, Middlefield, Middletown, Milford, Morris, Naugatuck,
New Hartford, New Haven, Norfolk, North Branford, North Canaan, North Haven, Orange, Oxford,
Plymouth, Prospect, Roxbury, Salisbury, Seymour, Sharon, Shelton, Southbury, Southington,
Thomaston, Torrington, Wallingford, Warren, Washington, Waterbury, Watertown, West Haven,
Winchester, Wolcott, Woodbridge, Woodbury, Winsted
Southwest Region Office
350 Fairfield Avenue, 6th Floor
Bridgeport, CT 06604
Phone: (203) 579-6246
Fax: (203) 579-6950
TDD: (203) 579-6246
Areas Served
Contact this office if the alleged discrimination took place in: Bethel, Bridgeport, Bridgewater,
Brookfield, Danbury, Darien, Easton, Fairfield, Greenwich, Monroe, New Canaan, New Fairfield,
New Milford, Newtown, Norwalk, Redding, Ridgefield, Sherman, Stamford, Stratford, Trumbull,
Weston, Westport, Wilton
To file a claim with the EEOC, contact the nearest EEOC office below. More information about filing a claim with the EEOC can be found at the EEOC How to File page.
EEOC – Fresno Local Office
33 Whitehall Street
5th Floor
New York, NY 10004
Phone: 800-669-4000
TTY: 800-669-6820
EEOC has launched an online service that enables individuals who have filed a discrimination charge to check the status of their charge online. This service provides a portal to upload and receive documents and communicate with the EEOC, allowing for a faster transmitting period. Those who have filed a charge can access information about their charge at their convenience, and allow entities that have been charged to receive the same information on the status of the charge. All of the EEOC offices now use the Digital Charge System. If you file on or after September 2, 2016, the Online Charge Status System is available for use. The system is not available for charges filed prior to this date or for charges filed with EEOC’s state and local Fair Employment Practices Agencies. The system can be accessed at the EEOC website. If you do not have internet or need language assistance, you may call the toll-free number at 1-800-669-4000. For additional help, you may also call the toll free number to retrieve the same information provided in the Online Charge Status System.
Do not delay in contacting the CHRO or EEOC to file a claim. There are strict time limits in which charges of employment discrimination must be filed. To preserve your state claim, you must file with the CHRO within 180 days of the date you believe you were discriminated against.To preserve your claim under federal law, generally you must file with the EEOC (or cross-file with the state agency) within 180 days from the date the discrimination took place. If a state or local agency enforces a law that prohibits employment discrimination, then the deadline is extended to 300 days. For age discrimination claims, there must be state law that prohibits age discrimination and a state agency to enforce the law, for the 300 day extension to apply. However, as you might have other legal claims with shorter deadlines, do not wait to file your claim until your time limit is close to expiring. You may wish to consult with an attorney prior to filing your claim, if possible. If you are unable to find an attorney who will assist you, it is not necessary to have an attorney to file your discrimination claim with the state and federal administrative agencies.
When your charge is filed, the EEOC will give you a copy of your charge with your charge number. Within 10 days, the EEOC will also send a notice and a copy of the charge to the employer. At that point, the EEOC may decide to do one of the following:
- Ask both you and the employer to take part in a mediation program
- Ask the employer to provide a written answer to your charge and answer questions related to your claim, then your charge will be given to an investigator
- Dismiss the claim if your charge was not filed in time or if the EEOC does not have jurisdiction
If the EEOC decides to investigate your charge, they may interview witnesses and gather documents. Once the investigation is complete, they will let you and the employer know the result. If the EEOC decides that discrimination did not occur then they will send you a “Notice of Right to Sue.” This notice gives you permission to file a lawsuit in a court of law. If the EEOC determines that discrimination occurred then they will try to reach a voluntary settlement with the employer. If a settlement cannot reached, your case will be referred to the EEOC’s legal staff (or the Department of Justice in certain cases), who will decide whether or not the agency should file a lawsuit. If the EEOC decides not to file a lawsuit then they will give you a “Notice of Right to Sue.”
How long the investigation takes depends on a lot of different things, including the amount of information that needs to be gathered and analyzed. On average, it takes the EEOC nearly 6 months to investigate a charge. A charge is often able to settle faster through mediation (usually in less than 3 months).
If your case is successfully resolved by an administrative agency, it may not be necessary to hire an attorney or file a lawsuit. You probably will be required as to sign a release of your legal claims to resolve your case. If your case is not resolved by the CHRO or EEOC and you want to continue to pursue the matter, you will need to pursue your claim in court.
A federal employment discrimination case cannot be filed in court without first going to CHRO, having CHRO refer your claim to the EEOC, as discussed above, and having the EEOC dismiss your claim. This process is called “exhaustion” of your administrative remedy. Similarly, before you can proceed with a lawsuit based on your state discrimination claim, you must file with CHRO. Under CHRO rules, you must allow the agency at least 210 days to process the charge before you can get a release from the CHRO. The CHRO release will then enable you to proceed with your claim in court.
Many Connecticut attorneys choose to file employment discrimination cases in federal court. However, most cases may be brought in either state or federal court. State law does not limit or cap the compensatory (emotional pain and suffering) damages recoverable for a discrimination claim, which are capped under federal law. A case filed in state court using federal law may be “removed” to federal court by the employer because it involves a federal statute, such as Title VII or the ADEA.
The EEOC must first issue the document known as “Dismissal and Notice of Rights” or “Notice of Right to Sue” before you can file a case based upon your federal claim. A lawsuit based on your federal discrimination claim must be filed in federal or state court within 90 days of the date you receive the notice. Be sure to mark down that date when you receive it.
A lawsuit based upon your state discrimination claim can be brought only after you get the CHRO’s release or it dismisses your case. You must file a lawsuit within 90 days of either of these events.
These deadlines are called the “statute of limitations”. If you have received one of these agency letters, do not delay consulting with an attorney. If your lawsuit is not filed by the deadline, then you may lose your ability to pursue a discrimination case.